دسته: مقاله انگلیسی

Everyone knows that in addition to interest, a number of other criteria must be considered to ensure the sweetness of their life together. Marriage is one of the most important decisions that is a turning point in the lives of girls and boys. A decision that, if made correctly and in principle, brings happiness to the individual, and if it is emotional and illogical, the situation is quite the opposite. All lucky girls and boys should test their readiness for marriage and work on getting to know each other.

Then it is time to examine the criteria of individuals. For example, one person may prioritize material status and another may rank it 10th. Note that this prioritization must be done regardless of the current suitor. Each person has a set of personal criteria, that is, things that are important to him. Apart from these, we must be careful to mention the basic criteria as well. You will read more about this below.

What exactly do the basic criteria mean?

Basic criteria are criteria that, in addition to personal criteria, each person must pay attention to. People then need to see if they meet the main criteria and what score they give to the other side in each criterion. If the person we are considering does not score high on the main criteria or our criteria differ significantly in terms of prioritization, this means an alarm for marriage. On average, a score between 6 and 7 out of 10 is good. It is best to define each criterion to make sure you have the same understanding of the criteria. If you are unsure about a criterion, your knowledge of that criterion is probably incomplete and you should take the time to learn more.

Appearance: Do not say it does not matter

If you are one of those people who believe that appearance does not matter, unfortunately you are wrong. If you don’t care about the other person’s appearance, it’s probably because you like his or her appearance. It is better to correct your opinion so that what does not matter to you in appearance. Eye and skin color may not be important to you, but height is an important criterion. Usually, the attractiveness of the face and body is important for men and the height and style are important for women. Be sure to rate the other person for height, type, skin color, and other issues that may be important to you.

If the person you are considering does not get a high score in terms of appearance, you should consider what is the rank of appearance in your priority list and what is the score of that person. High priority with a low score is dangerous, but it may not be a concern if your appearance is one of your low criteria and the person’s score is not too low.

As mentioned before, if you do not like your suitor in appearance and you are constantly faced with such sentences that the appearance becomes normal; See how many months have passed since you got to know each other. If it is a month, it may be normal, but if it has been six months and you still think it looks bad, it will never be normal!

 

About the age criterion that falls into this category; If the woman is older, it does not cause a problem by itself, but it should be noted that the woman likes to take control of everything, and this is the reason for marrying a man younger than herself? Is she a tyrant? Does it question the adequacy of the husband? Does the man have emotional maturity or is he looking for a mother in life? And what do the families think? The age difference between the ages of over 30 is no longer a very important criterion.

Family: Do not say that a person is different from his family

The fit of families is important in marriage. It is recommended that you choose someone who is as close to your family as possible when discussing marriage. Never think that a person is different from his or her family; This is a common mistake in marriage. Relationships within the family and how a person treats his or her family are points that should not be overlooked, because there is a possibility of repetition of these behaviors in your life.

Ethical: Discover the salient features

Is having a particular trait important to you (like being regular)? Is it important for you not to have a particular trait (stinginess)? Talk to your fiancé about your specific morals and ask about his or her obvious morals with himself or herself or those around him or her, such as close friends, or if he or she had a home as a student. One resource is never enough to judge. Get help from multiple sources.

Finance: Set expectations

If you have a specific expectation in this regard, state it. Do you want your spouse to have a fixed salary or do you consider it important to take risks? You need to talk about how much money to save and how much to spend. You have to talk to each other. Life priorities for spending and financial aid to others and even getting help from others must be raised.

Academic: State your ideas

If you expect a certain level of education from your spouse or have educational ideas for yourself, be sure to state it. Although education is not a perfect measure of a person’s level of understanding, it certainly has an effect.

The first day when the boy returned from school, the father asked him: Son, tell me, let me see what you learned at school today.

The boy replied: Today we were told about the dangers of smoking and we discussed about it, the teacher read us a story book and we made a craft.

The father asked: Did you not study mathematics and science?

The boy said: no.

On the second day, when the boy returned from school, the father repeated his question. The boy replied: “Today we exercised for half a day, we learned how not to lose our self-confidence, and for the last class, they taught us that we should give part of our income to the government to spend on the development of cities and villages.”

After several days of the boy coming and going and explaining, the father started to become anxious, as he saw that in a week at school, his son spent little time on math, physics, science, and things that he thought were correct lessons. Since the father was worried that his son would grow poorly in these lessons, he told his son: “Son, from now on, do not go to school on Mondays so that I can work with you in mathematics and physics at home.”

Therefore, the boy did not go to school on Mondays. On the first Monday, they called from school to ask why their son had not come. They said he was sick. On the second Monday, they called again, and the parents again made an excuse. After a while, the school principal became suspicious and called the father to the school to talk to him.

When the father went to school, he tried again to make excuses, but the principal did not buy them. In the end, he inevitably told the truth. He said that he was concerned about his son’s academic progress and wondered why correct lessons were so underrepresented in Australian schools.

The manager was silent for a while after hearing the father’s words and then replied: We thought like you 50 years ago.

The definition of literacy is not just learning physics, chemistry and mathematics, but also a sense of responsibility and participation in the society affairs.

Life and socialization skills are necessary for everyone in a civil society, but physics and chemistry may work for a particular group.

In other words, evaluating and measuring the level of social wisdom of a society can be examined in the type of view and method of dealing with various crises that occur in that society.

A brief look at the corona crisis and the way people deal with it and other social events at the local, regional and national levels, shows that during crises that have a social dimension, the prevailing social atmosphere is often based on mistrust, emotion and emotion.

Indeed, why is irresponsibility, negligence, social irrationality or lack of wisdom, the main aspect of our confrontation with crises, events and social and public challenges?!

The concept of wisdom, means the method of analysis, reasoning and human behavior in crises and life processes. Leading psychological scientist Robert Sternberg defines literacy as the application of intelligence, creativity, and knowledge, mediated by values, to achieve benevolent goals. He considers wisdom as a personality trait that is obtained by combining three dimensions: cognitive, reflective and emotional.

The cognitive dimension is the effort and desire to know the truth and a deeper understanding of life. The contemplative dimension is the attempt to see phenomena from a different perspective without mental biases and projections, and the emotional dimension is the enjoyment of empathetic and compassionate love for others.

Given the country’s millions of graduates and students, it was expected that in the face of social events and crises such as the coronavirus, this educated population would inject rationality and literacy into various segments of society, reduce emotional conflicts and mistrust and try to analyze and manage the public mood logically and in order to control this crisis.

But with a quick glance at the social role of academics and the educated class in public spaces, crises and social issues, we encounter irresponsibility and perhaps chronic social illiteracy that not only do not send any rational currents to the general public. Rather, they themselves are the cause and spread of illiteracy and light, emotional, and erroneous analyzes to the society. This is something we see today in the face of Coronavirus.

Of course, it is not reasonable to expect wise views and attitudes from university graduates, because our universities have never taught literacy to anyone! If not, then why is there such an atmosphere in society?

When the main mission of the university for the student is to get a degree and for the university and the university officials is to be promoted, there is no opportunity left for teaching and learning the elements of wisdom and prudence. When we are only dealing with tuition and diploma issuance, then we have not even been able to teach our students the process of rational analysis of scientific issues and social crises in principle.

What is really the main mission of the university?  Just paying attention to producing degrees and unemployed and illiterate people? Or paying attention to social responsibilities? It seems that the most important and main mission of the university is to transfer social literacy and science to the society and increase its self-confidence. Has our educated class, which has a prestigious university degree, been able to overcome the challenge of facing the Coronavirus crisis safely with complete reasoning? Or do they attend the frequent weddings and funerals that take place these days and are still looking for an excuse to escape the challenge? Has our student really learned social literacy or just he can do Mathematics, chemistry, etc?!

The pharmacist refers her to the government pharmacies of the Red Crescent and the Sun, etc., where she has a better chance of finding the medicine. Aside from the relatively old woman who wants yellow insulin, there are many others who want simple medications that the pharmacist has either run out of or does not have or are scarce. Pharmacies now not only do not have scarce medicines, but sometimes they are unable to accept prescriptions due to the reduction of common medicines.

On the next pharmacy window is filled with advertisements about mouth and teeth or skin and hair or shampoos that do not benefit certain patients, nor patients who have to walk all the streets of the city to find their medicine, and finally Go home empty-handed.

The next person is a man who wants beta-interferon, Avanx, and the pharmacist says in a serious tone and without feeling emotional: “We do not have it,” “we have none, sir,” it is scarce. Maybe you can find it in Red Crescent. The man walks out desperately.

For those who are still frustrated with their search, the cloudy weather outside seems to be more in the pharmacy.

This is one of the big and reputable pharmacies in Isfahan; The pharmacist himself is an old man. He says very seriously and a little sharply: When government say no, it means no. “When governmental pharmacies say no, it means no,” he says very seriously and a little sharply. He does not want to talk and reluctantly looks at another prescription and says: We don’t have it, maybe other pharmacies do, so I cannot say that it is scarce. “The pain is that people think we are the reason that there is no medicine” The pharmacist says. He turns his head to wrap up the next prescription, which contains quite common cold medicines, and fortunately the pharmacist has them all.

Bozorgmehr Street is full of small and large pharmacies, a little further on is another pharmacy that is relatively crowded. Most people who come here want cold or fortifying medicines and vitamins, items that they can easily get with a few thousand toman bills. So far there is no problem, the crisis starts as drugs become more specialized and diseases become more specific. Especially the diseases that affect most people. Diabetes is one of the diseases that afflicts its patients these days with a shortage of drugs.

The pharmacist is a young woman who tries to answer one in between. “If you do not mention the name of the pharmacy, I can tell you the truth” she says. When the assurance is obtained, she says: “Well, yes, there is not enough medicine. Especially medicines that are related to heart or skin diseases or cancer. Of course, we try to give people something similar, but some drugs are not available at all”. In her opinion, the items of medicine that were imported into the country have been declining for several years.

The number of clients is increasing, so she prefers to be responsive to its customers. Pharmacies are also crowded a few blocks away in Quds Square, according to one of the pharmacists on this street, after the exchange rate changes, Iranian medicine has risen by about 10 to 15 percent and foreign medicine by about 40 to 100 percent, and this may have led to less medicines on the shelves of pharmacies.

The pharmacist continues: We face a large drug deficit. Before the drug became expensive, the patient bought two packs of one drug, but today he buys only one pack, rising drug prices are inextricably linked to drug shortages, although in the meantime our quotas have been reduced and distribution companies are even delivering some Iranian drugs to us less than before, which does not meet our needs.

This problem is less common in government pharmacies, where you can better get scarce medicines. An example is Sajjad Pharmacy on Ostandari Street, but private pharmacies, which are not usually subject to the quota of special and expensive drugs, also report the scarcity of items of drugs, the scarcity of which has nothing to do with price, but the problem is the lack of raw materials for their production.

Many private pharmacy operators are not willing to talk about this, but the head of a pharmacy on Feyz Street says in this regard: “Many drugs have foreign raw materials and are not available to drug companies because these raw materials are not imported.” and this has led to a shortage of some drugs, which has also led to abuses in the drug sector, such as drugs that are out of date with new labels being smuggled and marketed.

 According to him, the lack of currency for the import of certain drugs is another reason why some drugs, such as Zeluda Vival Meptra, which are related to cancer patients, are scarce.

According to the pharmacist, who does not want to be named: those involved in the import and production of drugs who are active in this field without government support and with personal investment have suffered a lot during these years.

The manager of the pharmacy, Dr. … on Nazar Street, agrees: “The drug quota for some drugs has almost halved for us in the last month, and many of our customers return empty-handed.”

According to him, the drugs that used to be given to diabetic patients without a prescription are now given to the patient only with a prescription and in a limited amount, and the rest of the patients are left empty-handed.

The shortage or unreasonable rise in drug prices these days ranges from simple drugs such as adult cold pills to more complex drugs and even supplements, and the sharp fluctuations in the foreign exchange market have exacerbated the problem. Although government officials deny the crisis of scarcity or shortage of medicine, in this cycle people are well aware that the high cost has caused even a serum or ointment or even an eye drop to be scarce in pharmacies.

According to this plan, the government is obliged to provide the basic necessary commodities using a coupon or an electronic card.

«People» in this plan means «low-income Iranians» and «basic goods» include items such as rice, meat, eggs, oil, sugar and some of the most-needed medicines.

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ohammad Khoshchehreh, professor of Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, says: «I do not agree with the whole plan and I consider the urgency of the plan as a second or third-degree discussion. In my opinion, the plan approval show that the parliament has not recognized the priorities of economic issues, «Calling the method of distributing goods a coupon or something else is not an effective cure.»

«Iran’s economy has suffered from serious damages and the macroeconomic variables of our economy such as prices level, exchange rate of U.S. dollar, economic growth rate and unemployment are simultaneously fluctuating. Although such high-urgency plans may act as temporary painkillers, but we need a set of healing remedies. Finding a proper solution to prevent the weakening process of our national currency value and overcoming obstacles facing by labor-productive industries are issues that need to be addressed. It is a passive, temporary and illogical action to deal with only a few items of goods as “basic goods”. No matter how effective this action is, I do not consider such measures as useful.»

According to him, if hundreds of actions are categorized in one policy package that finally results in ten or fifteen really effective actions for Iran’s economic improvement, this plan of the parliament have no prominent place in this package. Regarding different deciles in Iranian society, about which a number of parliament members have talked, is a very low-level issue due to inflationary pressures and the weakness of the decision-making, policy-making and planning system and it does not mean that it requires a long time and considerable efforts. Thus, when the parliament prioritizes its plans in such a way, it shows that parliament lacks a deep and comprehensive understanding of society.

On the other hand, Kamal Athari, a development economics researcher, defends Iran’s 11th parliament plan: «In the last few decades, hastily implementation of adjustment policies in Iran led to market-based sourcing of the society. In Europe, we see the market-based sourcing of the economy but not market-based sourcing of the society, and now it is said in social policy debates that the welfare state has been revived in Europe.

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hat is why Europe has begun its economic recovery with € 750 billion, but the United States has so far spent $ 3 trillion on the economy damage caused by corona-virus outbreak. It means that, a stable social policy system in Europe has also minimized the social harms of European countries. This has happened in Iran, but since the necessary requirements have not been set for market-based sourcing of the economy, a rent-seeking economy with high inflation and very severe crises has emerged to rehabilitate the economy. Although a comprehensive welfare system must be established in these circumstances, which seems to be impossible in the current government though, the people will have difficulty in meeting their daily needs until then. Given the recent sanctions and unprecedented U.S. pressures on Iran, this issue will be even more severe. «Therefore, it is inevitable that the government will deal independently with the supply of basic goods.»

According to this expert’s point of view one question pops up in our mind and that is what should be done in this situation for under-pressure low income families in Iran? Either the government should print money and give it to them, which will worsen the inflation situation, or it should give the currency it allocates to basic goods directly to the people. Such an action would result in less corruption, given the current systemic corruption. Of course, if this plan continues to be in effect, it will have unintended consequences, but in the long run, according to John Maynard Keynes, “everyone will die”, so you have to think of a solution NOW.

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he middle class is now under severe economic pressures and is joining to low-income groups. In the current situation, the range of the lower deciles is expanding. This process is harmful for the middle class since most of the layers of the middle class are falling to the lower classes, and some layers of this class also take advantage of the opportunities created in the existing circumstances and join the upper classes. In general, the middle class is getting smaller and the range of low-income classes is expanding. As a result, major decisions are to be made to solve the mentioned problems.

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t seems that importing basic goods with governmental exchange rate and providing them to socially vulnerable groups is not a fundamental solution either, because in the absence of strong monitoring systems, this means leaving it to renters and paving the way for creating coupon kings and then sue them in the court and convict them. But the trial of the sultans does not cure the pain of the people. In these circumstances, it is better to have a direct supply and it seems that couponism is not a way to cure our sick economy.

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he return of coupons to improve the status quo has little room for consideration, and the revolutionary slogans of the parliament are not necessarily effective; The improvement of the economic situation must be for the benefit of all classes, including the declining middle classes. Furthermore the return of the coupon cannot stop the decline speed of this class, and it will certainly bring back a couponism lifestyle.

The virus has also bought new experiences like telework, which provokes a totally new meaning in Iran. The term is no longer new, but incomplete infrastructures prevent a successfully implementation of this workstyle. Although it has been unofficially reported that 86% of employees prefer telecommuting in this situation, but managers are not very satisfied with this method.

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ew studies suggest that one-fifth of human resource managers believe that employees who work at home, showed a slightly higher standard in terms of work efficiency compared to when they work in the office, seven percent or more believe that they work with a dramatically higher standard when at home. However, employees are less optimistic about this idea, and only 15% believe that telecommuting provides a higher standard.

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owever, almost half of both groups i.e. 49% of HR decision makers and 45% of employees think that this type of work has no effect on the output. In fact, only 27% of HR decision makers think that employees who work from home offer a higher standard of work compared to when they do the same job in the office. About 20% of both groups think that the standard of work produced by the employees is three percent lower than the expected standards for working at home compared to the office. 45% of employees of companies that work with home policies also think that their workplace does not affect the quality of their output, and less than a quarter (22%) think that working from home improves their productivity. 70% of businesses encourage telecommuting while only 27% consider it as harmful. Both sides have their own reasons including improper infrastructure or staff limited capacity.

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he opposition group believe that telecommuting requires a strong network of the Internet and technology which has been addressed around the world for many years. Some companies have such a robust infrastructure that not only they did not experience a shock due to the outbreak but they also, easily sent their employees to their home, even permanently. One good example is Microsoft, which announced that it is possible for the employees to work from home permanently with a proper authorization from their managers.  It is actually Microsoft›s imitation of its tech rivals Facebook and Twitter, which have made telecommuting a permanent choice for their employees.

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owever, despite the fact that most of the research activities in the world are telecommuted, such a plan can not be implemented for banks, insurance companies, education and service organizations, because it still requires a more extensive technology and our country has not yet been able to telecommute its employees by good training and trust building.

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ccording to Sattari, the CEO of a large company, telecommuting cannot be done properly until the expected trust between the employers and employees is established. According to this employer, implementing such a plan without the expected trust requires a great increase in monitoring activities, thus increasing organization costs. Ultimately the initial goal of reducing costs, backfire disastrously.

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he CEO of another private company agrees: “at the beginning of Coronavirus outbreak, many companies agreed to telecommute their employees for a while, but the idea didn’t continue for a long run. There were many reasons, including the lack of a proper Internet infrastructure with many interruptions in connections. It has caused many employees to spend all their day-time working, therefore creating many serious problems for the families. On the other hand, the inefficiency of communication infrastructure has caused major concerns among companies and organizations in terms of telecommunications efficiency. Therefore, after the end of the government’s restrictions, despite the high prevalence of Covid-19 and most of the provinces in the red zone, we see that there is no support for telecommuting even in jobs where telecommuting is a possible option. Highlighting that «Unfortunately, there is no clear solution to this issue,» he added «with the present quality of ISPs, telecommuting can not be relied on unless you can change your ISP».

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urthermore, many experts believe that lack of specific telecommuting laws in our country causes businesses, organizations and even employees to not be properly aware of telecommuting administrative rules such as leave, overtime and check-in /check-out times. These issues can lead to some inconsistencies and misunderstandings. Lack of sufficient computer equipments is another problem of telecommuting. A personal computer and laptop are essential basic tools for telecommuting. Due to unbelievable price of computer equipments, many employees do not have a suitable computer system appropriate for their job situation. In addition to many other hidden factors, this make telecommuting, at least in our country, not a really good option.

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ome, however , say that there are solutions for these concerns, including managers’ attention focused on the output of their employees instead of evaluating their working hours. this output can determine the development and responsibility of employees and as a result the workplace or home becomes a result-oriented place that leads to promotion, development and excellence.

Mahmood Ahmadinejad is still an influencer figure in social media or news agencies and still plays his part in the society. Once being asked about the reason behind the high price of tomatoes, he, as a president, said “come and buy tomatoes from our neighbor’s grocery store, don’t let them overcharge you”!!!

When we remember these words, a big question comes to mind: why do we really line up when we see that for example frying-oil got scarce or decide to hoard eggs when there is a surge in its price? Why don’t we go to the neighborhood of our authorities whose valuable words are still out there? Why not go to a place where everything is ridiculously cheap?

When you look into the calendar, you’ll stop reasoning soon. From last August to this July, we realize a bitter truth. Prices have ride on expensiveness horses unceremoniously and surged so radically to a point that today we witness seven items have risen in price by 20 to 100 percent, and nine other staples that have grown by 16 to 20 percent.

This is where we easily realize that the inflation knot is getting more tightened every day. These days, the scarcity of some basic commodities such as frying-oil, butter, rice, sugar, and their doubled price after being recharged in the market is like a joke, not funny at all though. According to the official statistics of the Central Bank, during 2018 and 2019, the inflation rate was about 31.2% and 41.2% respectively. Although many economists believe that the central bank’s statistics show a significant difference in economic indicators, but based on these official statistics, we can understand the rapid growth of inflation over a single year. At the same time in 2019, the central bank announced that inflation reached its maximum since 1995.

But the situation is even worse between March and June 2020, the statistics and numbers in these months are more than ever and the indicators nearly meet the number 50 and show a steady upward trend. Interestingly, this increase in inflation has not created a boom in production, and the central bank has always stated that we will go back to a 22% inflation.

Talking about the urgent need to pay attention to the ill economy is now pointless while Corona eradicated one third of jobs and exposes many to bankruptcy, and the government does not intend to lose weight; talking about recovery of economy makes no sense. If in Ahmadinejad’s era, we could spend 10 thousand tomans monthly on meat, fruit and food, now with a minimum salary of 2 million and 800 thousand tomans ($ 93.3 a month), we can not buy meat, pay the house rent or pay the installments, the only possible act is to make ends meet. Given the rising prices for housing, Bahar azadi coin, exchange rates, cars, pistachios, nuts, meat, egg, fish, dairy and now tomatoes and fruits, even making ends meet will not be that easy.

Interestingly, the Statistics Center of Iran is not content with an inflation rate of 22 percent and has announced an inflation rate of 26 percent in September based on 2016. On the other hand, the Central Bank unofficially announced the inflation rate of 41.2 percent in March, and if the real inflation rate is similar to and more than this number, achieving 22 percent inflation will not be that easy. It seems that the statistics have not yet agreed on a sincle inflation rate and each has its own version of this much-debated index. So, in this situation, the best indicator to understand the real inflation in the country is the exchange rate as well as the basic commodities price in the market.

Basic goods that have their own narrative and their price numbers do not lie. They are clearly and comfortably placed in the household basket and talk about the poverty that has dragged the middle classes of society down and turned them into the poor and lower class.

Meanwhile, many labor activists have repeatedly said that the livelihood of 70% of the population is shrinking. Unofficial statistics show that only 30 percent of the population (working-class family) has access to a basic needs, and the rest live in absolute poverty. Many believe that expansionary policies can overcome inflation, but Teymoor Rahmani, an Iranian economist, believes that managing inflation in Iran is totally different from the rest of the world.

«The main solution to treat inflation in different countries is to control aggregate demand by regulating the price of money,» he said. “However, the prevailing point of view in Iran is still focused on controlling the monetary base and liquidity in short term.”

Teymoor Rahmani believes that the solution to control inflation has been identified in many countries, and currently this solution, i.e. controlling aggregate demand by adjusting interest rates, has been responsive, but as I mentioned, inflation management in Iran is different from other countries.

However, many economists believe that economic planning cannot be accomplished by ignoring or simplifying existing facts. It is said that this rule also applies to inflation; Targeting 22% inflation is also good in theory, but not practically achievable; Because it is not possible to reduce inflation in a prescriptive manner. In general, inflation is a function of other variables, such as the exchange rate; Inflation is significantly affected by rising prices for goods and services. However, inflation in the middle of 2021 is a function of the exchange rate and does not correspond to the current economic conditions, and therefore, we can not hope to reduce inflation, which is crushing the poor and middle classes.